Neurocognitive disorder in primaly care. Clinical cases

Rosytska, O.A. (2025) Neurocognitive disorder in primaly care. Clinical cases. «Перспективи та інновації науки» (Серія «Педагогіка», Серія «Психологія», Серія «Медицина») (6(52)). pp. 1697-1705. ISSN 2786-4952

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Abstract

The problem of patients with dementia is relevant both in medicalpractices around the world and in Ukraine. Dementia is the seventh leading cause ofdeath among all diseases and one of the main causes of disability and dependenceamong older people worldwide [2]. The Public Health Centre of the Ministry of Healthof Ukraine (https://phc.org.ua/news/vchasne-likuvannya-demencii-upovilnyue-iirozvitok-de-bezoplatno-otrimati-liki) pays special social attention to the problem ofmental health of Ukrainians. This is supported by the implemented All-UkrainianMental Health Programme "How are you?", initiated by First Lady Olena Zelenska,and the ongoing implementation of the WHO global programme mhGAP (MentalHealth Gap Action Programme). Both of these programmes are aimed at increasingaccess to mental health services by engaging primary healthcare workers into providingservices to patients with mental disorders (www.umj.com.ua/uk/novyna-242726-programa-mhgap-shho-vona-daye-likaryam-pervinki).According to the latest Clinical Guidelines for Medical Care of Dementia (2023),Clinical Guidelines for Medical Respite Care: Cognition (2023), and Diagnostic andStatistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR, 2022), neurocognitive disorder isa clinical syndrome. It is defined by a progressive decline in one or more componentsof cognitive function (memory, language, problem-solving and other thinking abilities)relative to the premorbid functional level of a person, and is quite serious to the pointof interfering with daily life. The DSM-5-TR (2022) allows a clinician to diagnoseneurocognitive disorders ranging from mild to severe, where severe neurocognitivedisorder (NСD) is mostly synonymous with dementia [2, 3, 5, 6].Old age is considered the most common risk factor when it comes to developinga particular form of neurocognitive disorder, but among the predictors of NCD, thefollowing are of particular importance: the state of the cardiovascular and endocrinesystems, physical activity, diet, and level of education. It should be noted thatconditions such as a record of traumatic brain injury, even in mild form, is associatedwith a twofold increase of the risk of developing cognitive disorder, also at a youngerage. A number of studies have shown the impact of individual factors (poor sleep quality, excessive alcohol consumption, depression, hearing impairment, etc.) thatincrease the risk of developing dementia. However, this correlation is complex and isrelated to other diseases and social determinants of health [2].Thus, dementia is characterized by a deterioration of cognitive functions, has aprogressive or permanent course, and eventually affects the quality of life of thepatients and their relatives. There are many different causes that induce formation ofcognitive disorders and dementia among patients. It is estimated that in about 23% ofcases, these changes are reversible, which meets the definition of reversibleneurocognitive disorders [1, 6]. The clinical cases presented in the article emphasizethe importance of correct and timely diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder, whichoptimizes the management algorithm and prognosis regarding the patient's recovery.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	DOI: 10.52058/2786-4952-2025-6(52)-1697-1705
Uncontrolled Keywords:	clinical case, cognitive impairment, neurocognitive disorder, dementia, cognition, diagnosis, hypoglycaemia, syphilis / lues, family medicine
Subjects:	Family Medicine
Divisions:	Departments > Department of Internal Medicine
Depositing User:	Аліна Чеботарьова
Date Deposited:	12 Sep 2025 11:19
Last Modified:	12 Sep 2025 11:19
URI:	http://repo.dma.dp.ua/id/eprint/9597

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