Сation composition of oral secretion in primary school-aged children

Vysochyna, I.L. and Kramarchuk, V.V. (2023) Сation composition of oral secretion in primary school-aged children. Здобутки клінічної і експериментальної медицини, 3 (55). pp. 25-31. ISSN 1811–2471

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Abstract

Recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) currently have the greatest medical and social burden amonginfectious diseases worldwide, with the highest prevalence and incidence rates of acute respiratory infections in children.Recent studies indicate the role of inadequate immune response and the development of recurrent acute respiratoryinfections (ARI) in children due to deficiencies in essential trace elements in the body, which are crucial for theproper functioning of physical barriers and the immune system. The hypothesis of our study assumed that, consideringthe recurrence of at least 6 episodes of ARI per year, children with RRIs may have changes in salivary ion levels, whichcould serve as a basis for local immune suppression of the upper respiratory mucosa.The aim – to investigate the levels of metals in the saliva of children of primary school age with recurrent respiratoryinfections in comparison with episodically ill peers and establish the relationship of these changes with the state oflocal immunity.Material and Methods. In the actual study, 40 children participated, with 30 of them (the main group) being childrenwith recurrent respiratory infections and 10 other children who had episodic illnesses were assigned to the controlgroup. The levels of metal cations in the saliva were examined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emissionspectrometry, including essential metals such as copper, manganese, zinc, calcium, cobalt, potassium, magnesium,sodium, phosphorus, selenium, iron, chromium, and sulfur. Additionally, levels of conditionally essential metals likelithium, nickel, and boron were measured. The levels of secretory IgA and lysozyme in saliva were determined usingthe enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.Results. The main group was not homogeneous; therefore, we divided it into two clusters. Respondents in onecluster had significantly lower relative levels of essential ion content in saliva. Specifically, calcium was lower in 64 %(p=0.003), copper in 76.5 % (p=0.001), manganese in 41.1 % (p=0.008), magnesium in 64 % (p=0.02), and zinc in 58.8 %(p=0.027). This fact can be explained by their increased losses due to frequent inflammatory processes in the upper respiratorytract, resulting in higher daily replenishment needs compared to their peers. Correlation analysis revealed aconnection between illness incidence and the levels of copper (p=0.008), sodium (p=0.00005), and phosphorus (p=0.028),indicating potential associations between saliva metal profiles and the frequency of ARI in children with RRIs. The presenceof dental caries correlated with lithium (p=0.02), copper (p=0.032), and nickel levels (p=0.037). Integral indicators of localimmunity, such as lysozyme and secretory IgA, exhibited correlations with metal levels in saliva (Li, Cu, Ni, Na, Co, P, Zn),confirming the hypothesis of their role in regulating immune reactions in the oral cavity.Conclusions. Cluster analysis of the metal profiles of the group of children with RRI shows its heterogeneity, 43 %of representatives of this cohort had significantly lower levels of calcium (p=0.003), copper (p=0.001), manganese(p=0.008), magnesium (p=0.02) and zinc (p=0.027) than the control group. Which may indicate the presence of deficientconditions in some children with PRI as a result of the increased need for their recovery. The presence of caries, the levelof SIgA, lysozyme (clinical indicators of local immunity of the oral cavity) have certain relationships with the levels of essentialand conditionally essential levels of salivary metals (Li, Cu, Ni, Na, Co, P, Zn), which indicates the benefit of theconnection between the metal profile of saliva and the state of local immunity.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	DOI: 10.11603/1811-2471.2023.v.i3.14072
Uncontrolled Keywords:	children; RRIs; trace elements; saliva metal profile; ionome; діти; РРІ; мікроелементи в слині; металопрофіль слини; іоном
Subjects:	Family Medicine
Divisions:	Departments > Department of Internal Medicine
Depositing User:	Аліна Чеботарьова
Date Deposited:	22 Sep 2023 06:42
Last Modified:	22 Sep 2023 06:42
URI:	http://repo.dma.dp.ua/id/eprint/8574

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