Неханевич, О.Б. (2015) Цілеспрямований скринінг для профілактики серцево-судинних ускладнень в спорті та оздоровчій фізичній культурі. Вісник проблем біології і медицини, Вип. 2 (4). pp. 285-289. ISSN 2077-4214
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Abstract
Метою роботи було удосконалення лікарського контролю за спортсменами шляхом наукового обґрунтування та введення в практику ефективного скринінгового опитника, що дозволить формувати групи ризику гострих серцево-судинних ускладнень під час фізичних навантажень. Нами було обстежено 669 осіб віком від 7 до 45 років. В роботі було науково підтверджено вплив обраних для аналізу критеріїв на клініко-інструментальні показники спортсменів та осіб, які займаються оздоровчими тренуваннями. Запропонована анкета дозволяє активно виявляти осіб, які мають фактори ризику серцево-судинних ускладнень підчас фізичних тренувань. Вона може використовуватись спортивними та сімейними лікарями при вирішенні питань допуску до занять оздоровчими чи спортивними тренуваннями. Today the volume of the medical screening to address the issues of access to physical loads of different populations to prevent cardiovascular complications is the actual problem. Experts note not sufficiently informative and low sensitivity on standard methods of diagnosis of latent heart disease and major blood vessels, and the unavailability of a number of methods for screening athletes, and especially of those engaged in wellness forms of physical culture. They point expensive and general inefficiency of routine studies on prevention sudden cardiac death in sports. Fundamentally different is focused in-depth examination of athletes, lines which are formed after a simplified, costeffective, but effective initial active screening may be a survey using standardized questionnaires. So important is the development of an integrated valid questionnaire of risk factors by cardiovascular complications during physical training and sports. Objective. The aim was to improve medical monitoring for athletes by the scientific substantiation and putting into practice effective screening questionnaire that will shape the risk of acute cardiovascular complications during exercise. Methods. To achieve the objectives we have examined 669 people aged 7 to 45 years (mean age was 16,6 ± 5,8 years). In the first phase of the study, all persons completed a specially designed questionnaire prevention of sudden death in sport. The questionnaire included a passport section, sports history (data about sports experience, qualifications, specialization and level of physical activity per week); history of life (emphasis on the presence of bad habits, features the birth and development in childhood and past illnesses and injuries); family history (focus on the cases of sudden death in relatives under the age of 45 years, chronic diseases in relatives); for chronic diseases and conditions that can cause sudden cardiac death (cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, Marfan syndrome, and others.); features transfer of physical activity respondent (chest pain, fainting, loss of consciousness). The second phase was conducted a comprehensive survey, which included general clinical, instrumental (electrocardiography, echocardiography, heart rate variability) studies and laboratory (blood count and urine) of by standard methods. Results. In analysing the data family history was found that the sudden death of relatives under 45 years was noted in 8,96 % of respondents, with a core group of frequency was 10.0 % in the control group – 6.9 %, which is not had a statistically significant difference (χ²-Pearson = 1.78, p = 0.18). Among the diseases of the cardiovascular system most often noted hypertension – in 22.2 %, coronary heart disease – 17.7 %, cardiac arrhythmias – at 9.8 %, congenital and acquired heart diseases – 5.2 %. But most often seen combination of different forms of lymphoma – in 45.1 %. We also analysed the respondents complaints that arose during exercise. Thus, pain in the chest periodically occurred in 14.7 %, and dizziness – 8.4 %, respectively. Conclusions. This paper has been scientifically confirmed to analyse the impact of selected criteria for clinical and instrumental performance athletes and persons holding recreational exercise. The proposed questionnaire allows you to actively identify persons with risk factors for cardiovascular events during physical exercise. It can be used sports and family physicians in matters of admission to employment wellness or sports training.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | фактори ризику серцево-судинних ускладнень, фізичні навантаження, скринінг; факторы риска сердечно-сосудистых осложнений, физические нагрузки, скрининг; risk factors for cardiovascular events, exercise, screening. |
| Subjects: | Physical rehabilitation, Sports Medicine |
| Divisions: | Departments > Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and valeologii |
| Depositing User: | Елена Шрамко |
| Date Deposited: | 11 May 2017 08:07 |
| Last Modified: | 11 May 2017 11:24 |
| URI: | http://repo.dma.dp.ua/id/eprint/1669 |
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